1. What is the main cause of water shortages in Indian cities like Chennai?
   a) Overpopulation
   b) Government mismanagement
   c) Expansion of private water suppliers
   d) All of the above
   
2. According to the Urban Water Commission, how much water per person per day is considered necessary in urban areas?
   a) 50 liters
   b) 100 liters
   c) 135 liters
   d) 200 liters
   
3. How much water do people in slums get per day on average?
   a) 50 liters
   b) 20 liters
   c) 135 liters
   d) 1600 liters
   
4. What is the primary reason some people advocate for privatization of water supply?
   a) To ensure equal water distribution
   b) To increase government revenue
   c) To make private companies accountable
   d) To make water supply more efficient
   
5. Which city in Brazil has achieved universal access to safe water?
   a) São Paulo
   b) Rio de Janeiro
   c) Porto Alegre
   d) Brasília
   
6. What unique measure did Porto Alegre implement in its water supply system?
   a) Free water for all
   b) A transparent and participatory decision-making process
   c) Government withdrawal from water supply
   d) Privatization of water services
   
7. What happened in Bolivia when water supply was handed over to a private company?
   a) Water prices remained stable
   b) Water prices increased sharply, leading to protests
   c) The government subsidized water supply
   d) The privatization was highly successful
   
8. What percentage of profit made by Porto Alegre’s water department is used for improvement?
   a) 10%
   b) 25%
   c) 50%
   d) 100%
   
9. Why do luxury hotels consume significantly more water than slum areas?
   a) They have access to private water supplies
   b) They use water-intensive amenities
   c) They are given priority in municipal supply
   d) Both a and b
   
10. What is one major drawback of privatizing water supply?
    a) Water becomes free for all
    b) Water quality improves drastically
    c) Water prices rise, making it unaffordable for the poor
    d) The government earns more revenue
    

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Answers with Explanations

1. d) All of the above – Water shortages in cities like Chennai are caused by population growth, poor government planning, and increasing dependence on private suppliers.
   
2. c) 135 liters – The Urban Water Commission recommends 135 liters per person per day as the ideal amount for urban areas.
   
3. b) 20 liters – In slum areas, people get as little as 20 liters per day, far below the recommended level.
   
4. d) To make water supply more efficient – Some argue that privatization can improve efficiency since municipal departments often run at a loss.
   
5. c) Porto Alegre – Porto Alegre in Brazil has successfully achieved universal access to safe water.
   
6. b) A transparent and participatory decision-making process – Citizens in Porto Alegre actively participate in decisions about water supply and pricing.
   
7. b) Water prices increased sharply, leading to protests – In Bolivia, privatization led to a steep rise in prices, sparking protests that forced the government to take back control.
   

d) 100% – In Porto Alegre, all profits from the water department are reinvested in improving the water supply.