1. What is the main function of the judiciary?
a) To make laws
b) To enforce laws
c) To interpret laws and ensure justice
d) To conduct elections
Answer: c) To interpret laws and ensure justice
Explanation: The judiciary is responsible for interpreting laws, resolving disputes, and upholding justice as per the Constitution.
2. Which is the highest court in India?
a) District Court
b) High Court
c) Supreme Court
d) Lok Adalat
Answer: c) Supreme Court
Explanation: The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority and has final jurisdiction over all legal matters.
3. What does judicial review mean?
a) The power of courts to make new laws
b) The power of courts to review laws and declare them unconstitutional if necessary
c) The process of appointing judges
d) The process of conducting elections
Answer: b) The power of courts to review laws and declare them unconstitutional if necessary
Explanation: Judicial review allows the courts to examine laws and government actions and decide whether they violate the Constitution.
4. Which courts form the Indian judiciary?
a) Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
b) Supreme Court, High Courts, and District Courts
c) President’s Office and Prime Minister’s Office
d) Panchayati Raj and Municipal Corporations
Answer: b) Supreme Court, High Courts, and District Courts
Explanation: The Indian judiciary consists of three levels:
- Supreme Court (highest)
- High Courts (state level)
- District Courts (local level cases).
5. Who appoints the judges of the Supreme Court?
a) The Prime Minister
b) The Chief Minister
c) The President of India
d) The Speaker of Lok Sabha
Answer: c) The President of India
Explanation: The President of India appoints Supreme Court judges, based on recommendations from the Collegium system.
6. What is Public Interest Litigation (PIL)?
a) A case filed by a person or group for the public welfare
b) A case filed by the government
c) A dispute between two states
d) A case only the Supreme Court can hear
Answer: a) A case filed by a person or group for the public welfare
Explanation: Public Interest Litigation (PIL) allows any citizen or group to approach the court for matters concerning public interest.
7. What ensures the independence of the judiciary in India?
a) Judges are appointed by politicians
b) The judiciary is separate from the executive and legislature
c) Courts must follow government orders
d) Judges can be removed easily
Answer: b) The judiciary is separate from the executive and legislature
Explanation: The separation of powers ensures that the judiciary remains independent, making decisions without political influence.
8. What is the role of the High Courts?
a) To oversee international cases
b) To handle state-level legal matters and appeals
c) To create laws
d) To conduct elections
Answer: b) To handle state-level legal matters and appeals
Explanation: High Courts oversee state-level cases and appeals from lower courts, ensuring justice at the state level.
9. What type of jurisdiction allows the Supreme Court to hear a case for the first time?
a) Judicial Review
b) Appellate Jurisdiction
c) Original Jurisdiction
d) Special Jurisdiction
Answer: c) Original Jurisdiction
Explanation: Original jurisdiction means that the Supreme Court can hear certain cases directly, such as disputes between states or between the central and state governments.
10. How does the judiciary protect fundamental rights?
a) By ensuring that government actions do not violate citizens’ rights
b) By changing laws whenever it wants
c) By appointing the Prime Minister
d) By enforcing government policies
Answer: a) By ensuring that government actions do not violate citizens’ rights
Explanation: The judiciary safeguards fundamental rights by reviewing laws and government actions and striking down those that violate the Constitution.
