1. How were tribal societies different from caste-based societies in medieval India?
   A) They followed strict social hierarchies
   B) They did not follow the rules prescribed by Brahmanas
   C) They were primarily merchants and traders
   D) They only lived in cities
   
2. What was the primary way of life for most tribal communities?
   A) Industrial work
   B) Agriculture, hunting-gathering, and herding
   C) Banking and trade
   D) Administration and governance
   
3. Which of the following was a major tribe in Punjab during the 13th and 14th centuries?
   A) Bhils
   B) Khokhars
   C) Gonds
   D) Ahoms
   
4. Which Mughal emperor granted mansabdari (official rank) to Kamal Khan Gakkhar, a tribal chief?
   A) Babur
   B) Akbar
   C) Jahangir
   D) Aurangzeb
   
5. Which region was dominated by the Ahoms, a powerful tribal group?
   A) Rajasthan
   B) Assam
   C) Gujarat
   D) Punjab
   
6. How did tribal societies maintain their political independence?
   A) By forming alliances with Mughal rulers
   B) By avoiding warfare and staying isolated
   C) By using written laws and records
   D) By resisting and sometimes clashing with caste-based societies
   
7. What was one of the key sources of historical information about tribal societies?
   A) Manuscripts written by tribal kings
   B) Oral traditions and customs passed down generations
   C) Temple inscriptions
   D) British government records
   
8. What was a major difference in land ownership between tribal and caste-based societies?
   A) Tribal land was collectively owned and distributed
   B) Tribal chiefs controlled all land without division
   C) The Mughal government assigned land directly to tribes
   D) Only Brahmanas could own land in tribal regions
   
9. Which tribe lived in the western Himalayas and was known for sheep herding?
   A) Bhils
   B) Gaddis
   C) Ahoms
   D) Banjaras
   
10. Why did tribal societies often come into conflict with the Mughal Empire?
    A) They wanted to become part of the Mughal administration
    B) The Mughals wanted to bring them under their control and taxation system
    C) Tribal societies were against agriculture
    D) The Mughals refused to trade with tribal people
    

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Answers and Explanations

1. B) They did not follow the rules prescribed by Brahmanas
   Tribal societies were not divided into strict caste hierarchies and followed their own customs.
   
2. B) Agriculture, hunting-gathering, and herding
   Tribes engaged in multiple forms of livelihood, including farming, hunting, and pastoral activities.
   
3. B) Khokhars
   The Khokhars were an influential tribe in Punjab during the 13th and 14th centuries.
   
4. B) Akbar
   Akbar granted mansabdari (official rank) to Kamal Khan Gakkhar, recognizing his influence.
   
5. B) Assam
   The Ahoms dominated Assam and resisted Mughal expansion in the region.
   
6. D) By resisting and sometimes clashing with caste-based societies
   Tribes often fought to retain their independence from powerful kingdoms.
   
7. B) Oral traditions and customs passed down generations
   Since tribal societies rarely kept written records, oral traditions remain a key historical source.
   
8. A) Tribal land was collectively owned and distributed
   Unlike caste-based societies, tribal land was often jointly controlled and distributed among households.
   
9. B) Gaddis
   The Gaddis were a shepherd tribe living in the western Himalayas.
   

B) The Mughals wanted to bring them under their control and taxation system
The Mughals tried to integrate tribal societies into their administration and revenue system, leading to conflicts.