Late Nineteenth-Century Colonialism

1. Which two European countries expanded their overseas territories significantly in the late nineteenth century?  

   A) Spain and Portugal  

   B) Britain and France  

   C) Germany and Italy  

   D) Russia and Austria  

   Answer: B) Britain and France

2. Which new colonial powers emerged in the late nineteenth century?  

   A) Spain and Portugal  

   B) Belgium and Germany  

   C) Netherlands and Russia  

   D) Greece and Turkey  

   Answer: B) Belgium and Germany

3. The United States became a colonial power in the late 1890s after taking over colonies previously controlled by:  

   A) Britain  

   B) France  

   C) Spain  

   D) Portugal  

   Answer: C) Spain

4. The Berlin Conference of 1885 was held to:  

   A) Discuss trade relations between European countries  

   B) Divide African territories among European powers  

   C) Establish peace treaties after World War I  

   D) Plan the construction of the Suez Canal  

   Answer: B) Divide African territories among European powers

5. Which of the following was a major consequence of late nineteenth-century European conquests?  

   A) Complete independence of colonies  

   B) Rapid industrialization in colonized regions  

   C) Loss of freedoms and livelihoods for colonized people  

   D) Establishment of democratic governments in colonies  

   Answer: C) Loss of freedoms and livelihoods for colonized people

6. Sir Henry Morton Stanley’s explorations in Africa were primarily aimed at:  

   A) Scientific discovery and academic research  

   B) Spreading Christianity through peaceful means  

   C) Assisting European imperial projects and aiding colonial conquest  

   D) Establishing free trade agreements with African kingdoms  

   Answer: C) Assisting European imperial projects and aiding colonial conquest

7. What was a common feature of the borders of African countries established during the colonial period?  

   A) Natural boundaries like rivers and mountains  

   B) Tribal and cultural boundaries respected  

   C) Arbitrarily drawn straight lines with rulers  

   D) Decided through referendums among local populations  

   Answer: C) Arbitrarily drawn straight lines with rulers

8. What was the major impact of European colonization on the economies of colonized countries?  

   A) Self-sufficiency and economic independence  

   B) Focus on diverse industrial development  

   C) Dependency on European markets and monoculture economies  

   D) Elimination of foreign trade  

   Answer: C) Dependency on European markets and monoculture economies

9. Geographical explorations during the colonial period were:  

   A) Unrelated to imperial expansion  

   B) Solely focused on academic achievements  

   C) Closely linked to military conquests and colonial ambitions  

   D) Primarily for tourism and adventure purposes  

   Answer: C) Closely linked to military conquests and colonial ambitions

10. Which factor was NOT a cause for European expansion during the late nineteenth century?  

    A) Desire for raw materials and new markets  

    B) Need for spreading democracy and human rights  

    C) Political rivalry among European powers  

    D) Technological advancements enabling exploration and conquest  

    Answer: B) Need for spreading democracy and human rights