- What was the main source of income for the Mughal rulers?
A) Trade with European countries
B) Tax on agricultural produce
C) Revenue from handicrafts
D) Wealth from conquered territories - Who was responsible for introducing the zabt system in the Mughal Empire?
A) Babur
B) Akbar
C) Jahangir
D) Aurangzeb - What does the term Zabt refer to in the Mughal revenue system?
A) A tax levied on traders
B) A revenue system that fixed taxes based on land productivity
C) A method of collecting military taxes
D) A punishment system for corrupt officials - Who was the revenue minister responsible for implementing the zabt system under Akbar?
A) Abul Fazl
B) Todar Mal
C) Bairam Khan
D) Raja Man Singh - How was land revenue determined under the zabt system?
A) Based on the ruler’s discretion
B) Calculated from a fixed percentage of produce
C) Assessed based on the average yield of different crops over 10 years
D) Decided through negotiations between zamindars and peasants - Who were the zamindars in the Mughal Empire?
A) Landowners who collected revenue from peasants
B) Military officials in charge of trade
C) Merchants responsible for taxation
D) Religious leaders controlling temple lands - Why did zamindars play a crucial role in the Mughal administration?
A) They were responsible for tax collection from peasants
B) They commanded the Mughal army
C) They controlled foreign trade policies
D) They served as governors of different regions - What was one major weakness of the zamindari system under the Mughals?
A) Zamindars often rebelled against Mughal authority
B) Zamindars were unable to collect taxes efficiently
C) The system led to the decline of agriculture
D) The Mughal emperor could not appoint new zamindars - Which of the following was a major reason for peasant revolts during the Mughal period?
A) Excessive taxation by zamindars and revenue officials
B) Ban on agricultural trade
C) Mughal restrictions on religious practices
D) The decline of trade routes - Why was the zabt system not implemented in some regions like Gujarat and Bengal?
A) These regions did not have fertile land
B) The Mughal administration could not effectively survey land there
C) The climate was unsuitable for agriculture
D) The zamindars refused to follow Mughal laws
Answers and Explanations
- B) Tax on agricultural produce
Land revenue was the main source of income for the Mughal rulers, collected from peasants through various systems, including zabt. - B) Akbar
The zabt system was introduced by Akbar to ensure a fair and systematic revenue collection process. - B) A revenue system that fixed taxes based on land productivity
Zabt was a revenue system where tax was determined based on land productivity and fixed for a certain period. - B) Todar Mal
Todar Mal, Akbar’s revenue minister, conducted a survey of land productivity and developed the zabt system. - C) Assessed based on the average yield of different crops over 10 years
Under zabt, tax was fixed based on a 10-year assessment of crop yields and prices. - A) Landowners who collected revenue from peasants
Zamindars acted as intermediaries, collecting taxes from peasants and forwarding them to the Mughal administration. - A) They were responsible for tax collection from peasants
Zamindars played a vital role in the Mughal tax collection system, ensuring a steady flow of revenue. - A) Zamindars often rebelled against Mughal authority
Zamindars sometimes resisted Mughal control, leading to conflicts and revolts, especially during Aurangzeb’s reign. - A) Excessive taxation by zamindars and revenue officials
High taxes and exploitation by zamindars led to widespread discontent among peasants, causing revolts.
B) The Mughal administration could not effectively survey land there
The zabt system required detailed land surveys, which were difficult to conduct in provinces like Gujarat and Bengal.
