1. Where did most tribal people live in medieval India?
   A) Coastal cities
   B) Plains and river valleys
   C) Forests, hills, and remote regions
   D) Mughal forts
   
2. How did tribal societies differ from caste-based societies?
   A) They followed strict varna divisions
   B) They had no social structure
   C) They were not divided into caste-based hierarchies
   D) They lived only in urban areas
   
3. Which tribe was dominant in Punjab during the 13th and 14th centuries?
   A) Ahoms
   B) Gonds
   C) Khokhars
   D) Banjaras
   
4. What was the primary source of livelihood for most tribal people?
   A) Industrial work
   B) Agriculture, hunting, and herding
   C) Banking and trade
   D) Government jobs
   
5. Which Mughal emperor made Kamal Khan Gakkhar a mansabdar (noble)?
   A) Babur
   B) Akbar
   C) Jahangir
   D) Aurangzeb
   
6. How did tribal societies preserve their history and culture?
   A) By writing historical books
   B) By maintaining royal records
   C) Through oral traditions and storytelling
   D) Through inscriptions on temple walls
   
7. Which tribe dominated the northeastern part of India?
   A) Bhils
   B) Nagas and Ahoms
   C) Gonds
   D) Banjaras
   
8. What was the primary role of tribal chiefs?
   A) To collect taxes for the Mughals
   B) To lead their tribes in governance and warfare
   C) To control trade along major routes
   D) To convert tribal people into settled farmers
   
9. Which tribal group in Bihar and Jharkhand resisted Mughal control?
   A) Ahoms
   B) Bhils
   C) Cheros
   D) Gaddis
   
10. What was the main reason for conflicts between tribal and caste-based societies?
    A) Differences in language
    B) Struggles over land and resources
    C) Lack of cultural exchanges
    D) Differences in trade practices
    

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Answers and Explanations

1. C) Forests, hills, and remote regions
   Tribal societies lived in areas that were difficult to access, such as forests, deserts, and hilly regions.
   
2. C) They were not divided into caste-based hierarchies
   Unlike caste-based societies, tribal groups followed their own customs and social structures.
   
3. C) Khokhars
   The Khokhar tribe was a powerful tribal group in Punjab during the 13th and 14th centuries.
   
4. B) Agriculture, hunting, and herding
   Tribal communities relied on farming, hunting, and pastoral activities for their livelihood.
   
5. B) Akbar
   Akbar recognized the influence of Kamal Khan Gakkhar and granted him a noble rank (mansab).
   
6. C) Through oral traditions and storytelling
   Tribal histories were passed down orally, as most tribal societies did not keep written records.
   
7. B) Nagas and Ahoms
   The Nagas and Ahoms were dominant tribal groups in the northeastern region of India.
   
8. B) To lead their tribes in governance and warfare
   Tribal chiefs played key roles in maintaining leadership, defending their territories, and governing their people.
   
9. C) Cheros
   The Chero tribe resisted Mughal rule in Bihar and Jharkhand but was eventually subdued by Mughal forces.
   

B) Struggles over land and resources
Tribal groups and caste-based societies often competed for land and resources, leading to conflicts.