1. What was the primary reason for the emergence of new castes or jatis in medieval India?
   A) Growth of trade and economy
   B) Introduction of new religions
   C) Mughal conquest of India
   D) Decline of agriculture
   
2. Which group played a major role in recognizing and formalizing new jatis within the caste system?
   A) Rajputs
   B) Brahmanas
   C) Mughals
   D) Traders
   
3. What role did specialized artisans like smiths, carpenters, and masons play in society?
   A) They were included as separate jatis recognized by Brahmanas
   B) They ruled large kingdoms
   C) They only worked in temple construction
   D) They were considered outside the caste system
   
4. Which group gradually became powerful rulers in agricultural regions during the 11th and 12th centuries?
   A) Ahoms
   B) Banjaras
   C) Rajputs
   D) Bhils
   
5. How did tribal groups integrate into the caste-based society?
   A) By accepting Brahmanical traditions and being assigned jati status
   B) By converting to Islam and rejecting the caste system
   C) By migrating to urban centers and abandoning their old customs
   D) By refusing to follow the caste hierarchy
   
6. Which ruling group in Punjab and Sind rejected the caste system and followed Islam?
   A) Ahoms
   B) Rajputs
   C) Gonds
   D) Dominant tribal clans
   
7. What major change did the Rajputs undergo as they rose to power?
   A) They became rulers and replaced older ruling families
   B) They adopted a nomadic lifestyle
   C) They rejected all caste traditions
   D) They became religious leaders instead of warriors
   
8. How were deliberations on jati (caste) decisions conducted in medieval India?
   A) In local village meetings
   B) In Brahmana sabhas (councils)
   C) In royal courts only
   D) By Mughal officials
   
9. What was the impact of the emergence of new castes and jatis in society?
   A) It led to a rigid caste hierarchy with no social mobility
   B) It created economic and social diversity within the caste system
   C) It made trade and craftwork decline
   D) It abolished older caste traditions
   
10. Which of the following statements is true about the interaction between tribal and caste-based societies?
    A) Tribal groups never joined caste-based societies
    B) Some tribes integrated into the caste system, while others remained independent
    C) The caste system completely disappeared in tribal regions
    D) Tribes always resisted the influence of caste-based societies
    

---

Answers and Explanations

1. A) Growth of trade and economy
   As economic activities expanded, new castes (jatis) emerged to accommodate specialized professions.
   
2. B) Brahmanas
   Brahmanas played a key role in recognizing new jatis and integrating them into the caste hierarchy.
   
3. A) They were included as separate jatis recognized by Brahmanas
   Specialized workers such as smiths and carpenters were categorized into distinct jatis.
   
4. C) Rajputs
   Many Rajput clans rose to power and replaced older rulers in agricultural areas.
   
5. A) By accepting Brahmanical traditions and being assigned jati status
   Many tribes were absorbed into the caste system by adopting Brahmanical traditions.
   
6. D) Dominant tribal clans
   Many dominant tribal groups in Punjab and Sind adopted Islam and rejected the caste system.
   
7. A) They became rulers and replaced older ruling families
   The rise of Rajputs led to the replacement of previous ruling dynasties, especially in agricultural regions.
   
8. B) In Brahmana sabhas (councils)
   Brahmana assemblies deliberated on caste status and occupations of different groups.
   
9. B) It created economic and social diversity within the caste system
   New jatis introduced variety into the caste system, diversifying occupations and roles in society.
   

B) Some tribes integrated into the caste system, while others remained independent
While some tribes joined the caste-based social order, others retained their traditional ways of life.